How many layers does the epidural needle go through?

skin - supraspinal ligament - spinal intervertebral ligament - ligamentum flavum - epidural space

The skin is generally broken with a thicker needle, so there is no sense of breakthrough;

When the needle encounters resistance, it means that it has reached the supraspinal ligament (provided that the needle is not biased, facing the supraspinal ligament), and passes through the supraspinal ligament. At this time, the needle will be fixed under normal circumstances, that is, we often Said "clamping needle"

There is generally no abnormal feeling when passing through the intervertebral ligament;

When the resistance is encountered again, it means that the ligamentum flavum has been reached (of course, there may be no resistance when passing through the ligamentum flavum).

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